A Study on the Effectiveness of Nurse-Led Counseling in Improving Medication Adherence Among Hypertensive Women in Zamfara State
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Background of the Study
Hypertension is a significant public health issue in Nigeria, with an estimated prevalence of 30-45% among adults, and a higher prevalence among women, particularly in rural areas (Alhaji et al., 2023). Non-adherence to prescribed antihypertensive medication is a major contributing factor to poor blood pressure control, which can lead to complications such as stroke, heart failure, and kidney damage. Adherence to medication is influenced by various factors, including patient knowledge, belief systems, and access to healthcare resources.
Nurse-led counseling has emerged as a promising strategy to improve medication adherence, particularly in chronic conditions such as hypertension. Nurses, who often have the closest and most consistent contact with patients, can provide individualized counseling that addresses specific barriers to medication adherence, such as fear of side effects, misconceptions about the need for lifelong treatment, and financial constraints. Through counseling, nurses can empower patients to take ownership of their health, increase their understanding of hypertension, and promote adherence to medication regimens (Bamidele et al., 2024).
In Zamfara State, where healthcare access is limited, particularly in rural areas, nurse-led interventions can significantly impact the management of hypertension in women. However, the effectiveness of nurse-led counseling in improving medication adherence among hypertensive women in this region has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aims to assess the impact of nurse-led counseling on improving medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State.
Statement of the Problem
Hypertension is a major health problem among women in Zamfara State, and non-adherence to antihypertensive medication is a significant challenge. While nurse-led counseling has been shown to improve medication adherence in other settings, there is limited research on its effectiveness in the context of Zamfara State. Factors such as low health literacy, cultural beliefs, and financial constraints contribute to non-adherence, making it essential to explore the potential of nurse-led counseling to improve outcomes for hypertensive women in the state.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the effectiveness of nurse-led counseling in improving medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State.
- To identify the barriers to medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State.
- To recommend strategies for enhancing the impact of nurse-led counseling on medication adherence in the treatment of hypertension.
Research Questions
- How effective is nurse-led counseling in improving medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State?
- What are the main barriers to medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State?
- What strategies can be implemented to improve the effectiveness of nurse-led counseling in enhancing medication adherence?
Research Hypotheses
- Nurse-led counseling significantly improves medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State.
- Barriers such as low health literacy, cultural beliefs, and financial constraints negatively affect medication adherence among hypertensive women in Zamfara State.
- Implementing individualized, culturally sensitive nurse-led counseling will significantly improve medication adherence among hypertensive women.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
This study will assess the effectiveness of nurse-led counseling on medication adherence among hypertensive women in healthcare settings in Zamfara State. Limitations include potential variability in the implementation of counseling across different healthcare facilities and the challenge of accurately measuring adherence over time.
Definitions of Terms
- Nurse-Led Counseling: A form of health intervention in which nurses provide individualized counseling to patients, aimed at improving knowledge, addressing barriers, and promoting behavior change.
- Medication Adherence: The extent to which patients follow the prescribed medication regimen, including taking medications as directed, at the correct times, and in the correct doses.
- Hypertensive Women: Women diagnosed with hypertension, defined as having a sustained blood pressure reading of 140/90 mmHg or higher.
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